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polyclonal rabbit anti sk3 antibody  (Alomone Labs)


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    Structured Review

    Alomone Labs polyclonal rabbit anti sk3 antibody
    a-c Voltage traces from ventromedial interneurons of the rhythmogenic CPG region (L1-L2) recorded under control conditions ( a ), after tamapin application (10 nM, b ), or after lei-dab7 application (10 nM, c ). d Bar graph showing the proportion of interneurons displaying bursting in response to increasing concentrations of lei-dab7 (teal) or tamapin (purple). e Representative action potentials evoked by near-threshold current injections under control conditions (black), tamapin (purple), or lei-dab7 (teal). f-h Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying AHP amplitude ( f ), AHP duration ( g ), and firing frequency ( h ) under the three conditions. i-k Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying burst duration ( i ), amplitude ( j ), and frequency ( k ) across interneurons treated with apamin (pink), tamapin (purple), or lei-dab7 (teal). l-o Representative voltage traces from interneurons expressing control shRNA ( l ) or <t>SK3-targeting</t> shRNA ( m-o ), showing heterogeneous bursting phenotypes: bursts at rest/rheobase ( m ), bursts requiring stronger depolarization ( n ), and elliptic bursting dynamics ( o ). p-r Raincloud plots comparing burst duration ( p ), amplitude ( q ), and frequency ( r ) in interneurons after SK3 knockdown (orange) and after apamin application (pink). Numbers in parentheses denote recorded cells; each dot represents a single cell. Data points plotted beyond the dashed vertical line indicate values outside the axis range. n.s., not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001 (two-sided Fisher’s exact test for d ; Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post hoc test versus control for f-h and i-k ; two-sided Mann-Whitney test for p-r ). For detailed P values, see Source Data.
    Polyclonal Rabbit Anti Sk3 Antibody, supplied by Alomone Labs, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 79 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/sk3+antibody/Anti-KCNN3+(KCa2%2E3%2C+SK3)+(N-term)+Antibody/bio_rxiv__64898__2026__03__19__712770-252-30-35
    Average 95 stars, based on 79 article reviews
    polyclonal rabbit anti sk3 antibody - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    95/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "SK2/3 CHANNELS COUPLE WITH T-TYPE CA 2+ CHANNELS TO GATE SPINAL LOCOMOTOR RHYTHM GENERATION"

    Article Title: SK2/3 CHANNELS COUPLE WITH T-TYPE CA 2+ CHANNELS TO GATE SPINAL LOCOMOTOR RHYTHM GENERATION

    Journal: bioRxiv

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.19.712770

    a-c Voltage traces from ventromedial interneurons of the rhythmogenic CPG region (L1-L2) recorded under control conditions ( a ), after tamapin application (10 nM, b ), or after lei-dab7 application (10 nM, c ). d Bar graph showing the proportion of interneurons displaying bursting in response to increasing concentrations of lei-dab7 (teal) or tamapin (purple). e Representative action potentials evoked by near-threshold current injections under control conditions (black), tamapin (purple), or lei-dab7 (teal). f-h Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying AHP amplitude ( f ), AHP duration ( g ), and firing frequency ( h ) under the three conditions. i-k Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying burst duration ( i ), amplitude ( j ), and frequency ( k ) across interneurons treated with apamin (pink), tamapin (purple), or lei-dab7 (teal). l-o Representative voltage traces from interneurons expressing control shRNA ( l ) or SK3-targeting shRNA ( m-o ), showing heterogeneous bursting phenotypes: bursts at rest/rheobase ( m ), bursts requiring stronger depolarization ( n ), and elliptic bursting dynamics ( o ). p-r Raincloud plots comparing burst duration ( p ), amplitude ( q ), and frequency ( r ) in interneurons after SK3 knockdown (orange) and after apamin application (pink). Numbers in parentheses denote recorded cells; each dot represents a single cell. Data points plotted beyond the dashed vertical line indicate values outside the axis range. n.s., not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001 (two-sided Fisher’s exact test for d ; Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post hoc test versus control for f-h and i-k ; two-sided Mann-Whitney test for p-r ). For detailed P values, see Source Data.
    Figure Legend Snippet: a-c Voltage traces from ventromedial interneurons of the rhythmogenic CPG region (L1-L2) recorded under control conditions ( a ), after tamapin application (10 nM, b ), or after lei-dab7 application (10 nM, c ). d Bar graph showing the proportion of interneurons displaying bursting in response to increasing concentrations of lei-dab7 (teal) or tamapin (purple). e Representative action potentials evoked by near-threshold current injections under control conditions (black), tamapin (purple), or lei-dab7 (teal). f-h Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying AHP amplitude ( f ), AHP duration ( g ), and firing frequency ( h ) under the three conditions. i-k Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying burst duration ( i ), amplitude ( j ), and frequency ( k ) across interneurons treated with apamin (pink), tamapin (purple), or lei-dab7 (teal). l-o Representative voltage traces from interneurons expressing control shRNA ( l ) or SK3-targeting shRNA ( m-o ), showing heterogeneous bursting phenotypes: bursts at rest/rheobase ( m ), bursts requiring stronger depolarization ( n ), and elliptic bursting dynamics ( o ). p-r Raincloud plots comparing burst duration ( p ), amplitude ( q ), and frequency ( r ) in interneurons after SK3 knockdown (orange) and after apamin application (pink). Numbers in parentheses denote recorded cells; each dot represents a single cell. Data points plotted beyond the dashed vertical line indicate values outside the axis range. n.s., not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001 (two-sided Fisher’s exact test for d ; Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post hoc test versus control for f-h and i-k ; two-sided Mann-Whitney test for p-r ). For detailed P values, see Source Data.

    Techniques Used: Control, Whisker Assay, Expressing, shRNA, Knockdown, Single Cell, MANN-WHITNEY

    a Representative low-magnification confocal image of GFP-expressing Hb9 interneurons in the ventromedial spinal cord. The asterisk marks the soma of an identified interneuron. The central canal (cc) is indicated by the dashed line. Scale bar, 25 µm. b High-magnification images of the soma indicated in a , showing GFP fluorescence (top), SK2 immunolabeling (middle), and a merged GFP/SK2 overlay (bottom). Dashed lines delineate the somatic membrane. Scale bar, 10 µm. c-d Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying the size ( c ) and density ( d , clusters per µm 2 ) of SK2, SK3, and co-localized SK2/3 clusters at the somatic membrane. e Confocal images of an Hb9 interneuron soma showing GFP (left), SK3 immunolabeling (middle), and a merged GFP/SK3 overlay (right). Dashed lines delineate the somatic membrane. Scale bar, 20 µm. f Confocal images of an intracellularly recorded HB9 interneuron filled with biocytin (magenta), showing GFP immunofluorescence (green), SK2 (red), and SK3 immunolabeling (cyan), alongside a merged GFP/SK3 signal. Scale bar, 20 µm. g-h Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying the size ( g ) and density ( h ) of SK2, SK3, and co-localized clusters along the dendrites. Numbers in parentheses denote the number of cells ( c, d ) or dendrites ( g, h ) analyzed; each dot represents a single measurement. *** P < 0.001 (two-sided unpaired t-test for c and g ; One-way ANOVA for d and h ). For detailed P values, see Source data.
    Figure Legend Snippet: a Representative low-magnification confocal image of GFP-expressing Hb9 interneurons in the ventromedial spinal cord. The asterisk marks the soma of an identified interneuron. The central canal (cc) is indicated by the dashed line. Scale bar, 25 µm. b High-magnification images of the soma indicated in a , showing GFP fluorescence (top), SK2 immunolabeling (middle), and a merged GFP/SK2 overlay (bottom). Dashed lines delineate the somatic membrane. Scale bar, 10 µm. c-d Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying the size ( c ) and density ( d , clusters per µm 2 ) of SK2, SK3, and co-localized SK2/3 clusters at the somatic membrane. e Confocal images of an Hb9 interneuron soma showing GFP (left), SK3 immunolabeling (middle), and a merged GFP/SK3 overlay (right). Dashed lines delineate the somatic membrane. Scale bar, 20 µm. f Confocal images of an intracellularly recorded HB9 interneuron filled with biocytin (magenta), showing GFP immunofluorescence (green), SK2 (red), and SK3 immunolabeling (cyan), alongside a merged GFP/SK3 signal. Scale bar, 20 µm. g-h Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying the size ( g ) and density ( h ) of SK2, SK3, and co-localized clusters along the dendrites. Numbers in parentheses denote the number of cells ( c, d ) or dendrites ( g, h ) analyzed; each dot represents a single measurement. *** P < 0.001 (two-sided unpaired t-test for c and g ; One-way ANOVA for d and h ). For detailed P values, see Source data.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Fluorescence, Immunolabeling, Membrane, Whisker Assay, Immunofluorescence

    Related Articles

    Double Staining:

    Article Title: SK3/TRPC1/Orai1 complex regulates SOCE-dependent colon cancer cell migration: a novel opportunity to modulate anti-EGFR mAb action by the alkyl-lipid Ohmline
    Article Snippet: .. Double staining was performed by incubation first with caveolin-1, and then with SK3 antibody (Anti-SK3-ATTO-594, Alomone Lab). .. Fluorescent images were captured with a JAI camera (model CV-M4+CL), with the use of an automated filter wheel coupled to a Leica DMRB fluorescence microscope (Leica Microsystems).

    Incubation:

    Article Title: SK3/TRPC1/Orai1 complex regulates SOCE-dependent colon cancer cell migration: a novel opportunity to modulate anti-EGFR mAb action by the alkyl-lipid Ohmline
    Article Snippet: .. Double staining was performed by incubation first with caveolin-1, and then with SK3 antibody (Anti-SK3-ATTO-594, Alomone Lab). .. Fluorescent images were captured with a JAI camera (model CV-M4+CL), with the use of an automated filter wheel coupled to a Leica DMRB fluorescence microscope (Leica Microsystems).

    Article Title: Differential modulation of SK channel subtypes by phosphorylation.
    Article Snippet: Equal amounts of protein (15 ug) were separated by SDS-PAGE gel (Bio-Rad). .. The proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes and incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary GFP antibody (1:2000; Invitrogen, Lot: 2,015,993), SK1 antibody (1:1000; RayBiotech, Lot: 907,002,018), SK2 antibody (1:200; Alomone Labs, Lot: APC028AN2325), SK3 antibody (1:200; Alomone Labs, Lot: APC025AN1125), IK antibody (1:1000; Santa Cruz, Lot: I2319), mitochondria marker Cytochrome C antibody (1:1000; Novus Biologicals, Lot: AB0115109A-2), ER marker GRP78/HSPA5 (1:4000; Novus Biologicals, Lot: H-1) antibody or plasma membrane marker sodium potassium ATPase alpha 1 (1:4000; Novus Biologicals, Lot: B-5) antibody. .. The PVDF membranes were washed with TBST and incubated with anti-rabbit (1:3000; Cell signaling technology) or anti-mouse (1:2000; Cell signaling technology) as secondary antibody for 1 h at room temperature and then washed with TBST.

    Western Blot:

    Article Title: GW24-e1393 The effect of Bim silencing by siRNA on apoptosis induced by hypoxia in rat cardiomyocyte
    Article Snippet: (70% decrease) and intracellular lipid accumulation as well as decreased expression of GRP78 and CHOP in ABCG1-deficient EC.. In addition, endothelial apoptosis and ER stress-related molecules were induced when EC were loaded with soluble cholesterol using cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin, otherwise endothelial apoptotic response and expression of GRP78 and CHOP were suppressed when depletion of cellular cholesterol by cyclodextrin in ABCG1-deficient endothelial cells.. Furthermore, PBA, which has been shown to alleviate ER stress, and U18666A, which has been shown to inhibit cholesterol traffic to ER, both protected against apoptosis showed in ABCG1-deficient EC in vitro.

    Article Title: GW24-e1724 Verapamil reduces transmural dispersion of repolarisation and prevents Torsade de Pointes in LQT2 model of the long QT syndrome
    Article Snippet: cardiomyocytes were successful cultured.. The beat frequency of cardiomyocyte was slowed down after hypoxia stimulation, the rhythm was disordered (P < 0.01) and the content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in cell culture fluid increased obviously (P < 0.01).. The MTT result showed that the survival rate was decreased (p< 0.05).

    Article Title: Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in myogenically active mouse skeletal muscle arterioles: role of EDH and K(+) channels.
    Article Snippet: As smooth muscle cell (SMC) membrane potential (Em) is critical for vascular responsiveness, and arteriolar SMCs are depolarized at physiological intraluminal pressures, we hypothesized that myogenic tone impacts on dilation mediated by endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH).. Studies were performed on cannulated mouse cremaster arterioles [diameter, 3392 mm (n 23) at 60 mmHg; SMC Em 34.691.2 mV (n 7)].. Myogenic activity was assessed as tone developed in response to intraluminal pressure.

    Article Title: GW24-e1863 The influence of benazepril hydrochloride on hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy transmural heterogeneity of ventricular repolarisation
    Article Snippet: cardiomyocytes were successful cultured.. The beat frequency of cardiomyocyte was slowed down after hypoxia stimulation, the rhythm was disordered (P < 0.01) and the content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in cell culture fluid increased obviously (P < 0.01).. The MTT result showed that the survival rate was decreased (p< 0.05).

    Marker:

    Article Title: Differential modulation of SK channel subtypes by phosphorylation.
    Article Snippet: Equal amounts of protein (15 ug) were separated by SDS-PAGE gel (Bio-Rad). .. The proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes and incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary GFP antibody (1:2000; Invitrogen, Lot: 2,015,993), SK1 antibody (1:1000; RayBiotech, Lot: 907,002,018), SK2 antibody (1:200; Alomone Labs, Lot: APC028AN2325), SK3 antibody (1:200; Alomone Labs, Lot: APC025AN1125), IK antibody (1:1000; Santa Cruz, Lot: I2319), mitochondria marker Cytochrome C antibody (1:1000; Novus Biologicals, Lot: AB0115109A-2), ER marker GRP78/HSPA5 (1:4000; Novus Biologicals, Lot: H-1) antibody or plasma membrane marker sodium potassium ATPase alpha 1 (1:4000; Novus Biologicals, Lot: B-5) antibody. .. The PVDF membranes were washed with TBST and incubated with anti-rabbit (1:3000; Cell signaling technology) or anti-mouse (1:2000; Cell signaling technology) as secondary antibody for 1 h at room temperature and then washed with TBST.

    Clinical Proteomics:

    Article Title: Differential modulation of SK channel subtypes by phosphorylation.
    Article Snippet: Equal amounts of protein (15 ug) were separated by SDS-PAGE gel (Bio-Rad). .. The proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes and incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary GFP antibody (1:2000; Invitrogen, Lot: 2,015,993), SK1 antibody (1:1000; RayBiotech, Lot: 907,002,018), SK2 antibody (1:200; Alomone Labs, Lot: APC028AN2325), SK3 antibody (1:200; Alomone Labs, Lot: APC025AN1125), IK antibody (1:1000; Santa Cruz, Lot: I2319), mitochondria marker Cytochrome C antibody (1:1000; Novus Biologicals, Lot: AB0115109A-2), ER marker GRP78/HSPA5 (1:4000; Novus Biologicals, Lot: H-1) antibody or plasma membrane marker sodium potassium ATPase alpha 1 (1:4000; Novus Biologicals, Lot: B-5) antibody. .. The PVDF membranes were washed with TBST and incubated with anti-rabbit (1:3000; Cell signaling technology) or anti-mouse (1:2000; Cell signaling technology) as secondary antibody for 1 h at room temperature and then washed with TBST.

    Membrane:

    Article Title: Differential modulation of SK channel subtypes by phosphorylation.
    Article Snippet: Equal amounts of protein (15 ug) were separated by SDS-PAGE gel (Bio-Rad). .. The proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes and incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary GFP antibody (1:2000; Invitrogen, Lot: 2,015,993), SK1 antibody (1:1000; RayBiotech, Lot: 907,002,018), SK2 antibody (1:200; Alomone Labs, Lot: APC028AN2325), SK3 antibody (1:200; Alomone Labs, Lot: APC025AN1125), IK antibody (1:1000; Santa Cruz, Lot: I2319), mitochondria marker Cytochrome C antibody (1:1000; Novus Biologicals, Lot: AB0115109A-2), ER marker GRP78/HSPA5 (1:4000; Novus Biologicals, Lot: H-1) antibody or plasma membrane marker sodium potassium ATPase alpha 1 (1:4000; Novus Biologicals, Lot: B-5) antibody. .. The PVDF membranes were washed with TBST and incubated with anti-rabbit (1:3000; Cell signaling technology) or anti-mouse (1:2000; Cell signaling technology) as secondary antibody for 1 h at room temperature and then washed with TBST.

    Article Title: Calcium-activated and voltage-gated potassium channels of the pancreatic islet impart distinct and complementary roles during secretagogue induced electrical responses
    Article Snippet: Western blot analysis Protein extracts were prepared from human islets by extraction with SDS loading buffer (1% SDS, 30 mmol l −1 Tris-HCl, pH 6.8, 5%β-mercaptoethanol, 5% glycerol, and 0.1% bromophenol blue) and heating at 70°C for 10 min. Proteins were prepared as a Western blot on a nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). .. After electrophoresis through a 12% denaturing polyacrylamide gel, SK3 antibody (Alomone Laboratories, Jerusalem, Israel) was used to probe the membrane at 1:250 dilution in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 0.1% Tween, and 3% powdered dried milk, followed by goat anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-coupled secondary antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc., West Grove, PA, USA) at 1:5,000 in the same solution. .. The membranes were washed in PBS containing 0.1% Tween between and after antibody incubations; HRP was illuminated using Pico Signal (Thermo Scientific) and exposed on Kodak X-omat film (Kodak).

    Immunostaining:

    Article Title: Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in myogenically active mouse skeletal muscle arterioles: role of EDH and K(+) channels.
    Article Snippet: As smooth muscle cell (SMC) membrane potential (Em) is critical for vascular responsiveness, and arteriolar SMCs are depolarized at physiological intraluminal pressures, we hypothesized that myogenic tone impacts on dilation mediated by endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH).. Studies were performed on cannulated mouse cremaster arterioles [diameter, 3392 mm (n 23) at 60 mmHg; SMC Em 34.691.2 mV (n 7)].. Myogenic activity was assessed as tone developed in response to intraluminal pressure.

    Transfection:

    Article Title: Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in myogenically active mouse skeletal muscle arterioles: role of EDH and K(+) channels.
    Article Snippet: As smooth muscle cell (SMC) membrane potential (Em) is critical for vascular responsiveness, and arteriolar SMCs are depolarized at physiological intraluminal pressures, we hypothesized that myogenic tone impacts on dilation mediated by endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH).. Studies were performed on cannulated mouse cremaster arterioles [diameter, 3392 mm (n 23) at 60 mmHg; SMC Em 34.691.2 mV (n 7)].. Myogenic activity was assessed as tone developed in response to intraluminal pressure.

    Electrophoresis:

    Article Title: Calcium-activated and voltage-gated potassium channels of the pancreatic islet impart distinct and complementary roles during secretagogue induced electrical responses
    Article Snippet: Western blot analysis Protein extracts were prepared from human islets by extraction with SDS loading buffer (1% SDS, 30 mmol l −1 Tris-HCl, pH 6.8, 5%β-mercaptoethanol, 5% glycerol, and 0.1% bromophenol blue) and heating at 70°C for 10 min. Proteins were prepared as a Western blot on a nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). .. After electrophoresis through a 12% denaturing polyacrylamide gel, SK3 antibody (Alomone Laboratories, Jerusalem, Israel) was used to probe the membrane at 1:250 dilution in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 0.1% Tween, and 3% powdered dried milk, followed by goat anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-coupled secondary antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc., West Grove, PA, USA) at 1:5,000 in the same solution. .. The membranes were washed in PBS containing 0.1% Tween between and after antibody incubations; HRP was illuminated using Pico Signal (Thermo Scientific) and exposed on Kodak X-omat film (Kodak).

    Saline:

    Article Title: Calcium-activated and voltage-gated potassium channels of the pancreatic islet impart distinct and complementary roles during secretagogue induced electrical responses
    Article Snippet: Western blot analysis Protein extracts were prepared from human islets by extraction with SDS loading buffer (1% SDS, 30 mmol l −1 Tris-HCl, pH 6.8, 5%β-mercaptoethanol, 5% glycerol, and 0.1% bromophenol blue) and heating at 70°C for 10 min. Proteins were prepared as a Western blot on a nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). .. After electrophoresis through a 12% denaturing polyacrylamide gel, SK3 antibody (Alomone Laboratories, Jerusalem, Israel) was used to probe the membrane at 1:250 dilution in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 0.1% Tween, and 3% powdered dried milk, followed by goat anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-coupled secondary antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc., West Grove, PA, USA) at 1:5,000 in the same solution. .. The membranes were washed in PBS containing 0.1% Tween between and after antibody incubations; HRP was illuminated using Pico Signal (Thermo Scientific) and exposed on Kodak X-omat film (Kodak).



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    Alomone Labs anti kcnn3
    a-c Voltage traces from ventromedial interneurons of the rhythmogenic CPG region (L1-L2) recorded under control conditions ( a ), after tamapin application (10 nM, b ), or after lei-dab7 application (10 nM, c ). d Bar graph showing the proportion of interneurons displaying bursting in response to increasing concentrations of lei-dab7 (teal) or tamapin (purple). e Representative action potentials evoked by near-threshold current injections under control conditions (black), tamapin (purple), or lei-dab7 (teal). f-h Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying AHP amplitude ( f ), AHP duration ( g ), and firing frequency ( h ) under the three conditions. i-k Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying burst duration ( i ), amplitude ( j ), and frequency ( k ) across interneurons treated with apamin (pink), tamapin (purple), or lei-dab7 (teal). l-o Representative voltage traces from interneurons expressing control shRNA ( l ) or <t>SK3-targeting</t> shRNA ( m-o ), showing heterogeneous bursting phenotypes: bursts at rest/rheobase ( m ), bursts requiring stronger depolarization ( n ), and elliptic bursting dynamics ( o ). p-r Raincloud plots comparing burst duration ( p ), amplitude ( q ), and frequency ( r ) in interneurons after SK3 knockdown (orange) and after apamin application (pink). Numbers in parentheses denote recorded cells; each dot represents a single cell. Data points plotted beyond the dashed vertical line indicate values outside the axis range. n.s., not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001 (two-sided Fisher’s exact test for d ; Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post hoc test versus control for f-h and i-k ; two-sided Mann-Whitney test for p-r ). For detailed P values, see Source Data.
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    a-c Voltage traces from ventromedial interneurons of the rhythmogenic CPG region (L1-L2) recorded under control conditions ( a ), after tamapin application (10 nM, b ), or after lei-dab7 application (10 nM, c ). d Bar graph showing the proportion of interneurons displaying bursting in response to increasing concentrations of lei-dab7 (teal) or tamapin (purple). e Representative action potentials evoked by near-threshold current injections under control conditions (black), tamapin (purple), or lei-dab7 (teal). f-h Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying AHP amplitude ( f ), AHP duration ( g ), and firing frequency ( h ) under the three conditions. i-k Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying burst duration ( i ), amplitude ( j ), and frequency ( k ) across interneurons treated with apamin (pink), tamapin (purple), or lei-dab7 (teal). l-o Representative voltage traces from interneurons expressing control shRNA ( l ) or <t>SK3-targeting</t> shRNA ( m-o ), showing heterogeneous bursting phenotypes: bursts at rest/rheobase ( m ), bursts requiring stronger depolarization ( n ), and elliptic bursting dynamics ( o ). p-r Raincloud plots comparing burst duration ( p ), amplitude ( q ), and frequency ( r ) in interneurons after SK3 knockdown (orange) and after apamin application (pink). Numbers in parentheses denote recorded cells; each dot represents a single cell. Data points plotted beyond the dashed vertical line indicate values outside the axis range. n.s., not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001 (two-sided Fisher’s exact test for d ; Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post hoc test versus control for f-h and i-k ; two-sided Mann-Whitney test for p-r ). For detailed P values, see Source Data.
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    (A) Dot plot depicting marker genes for mouse MIFs (muscle-embedded interstitial fibroblasts). (B) GSEA of the mouse MIF signature against indicated Gene Ontology Molecular Function (GOMF) gene sets. (C) Immunofluorescent staining of PDGFRA and <t>KCNN3</t> in the muscularis propria in mouse colon and (D) small intestine. Dashed line indicates crypts. (E) Dot plot depicting marker genes for indicated human cell types. (F) GSEA of human MIF signature against indicated GOMF gene sets. (G) Normalized enrichment scores (NES) of GSEA of human MIF signature against gene sets from human colon-derived cells: PDGFRA+ cells of the smooth muscle (PaC), intestinal cells of Cajal (ICC), PDGFRA+ cells of the colon mucosa (FIB), smooth muscle cells of the colon muscle (SMC), enteric neurons from colon myenteric ganglia (EN). (H) Immunofluorescent staining of PDGFRA and KCNN3 in the muscularis propria in human colon. (I) Graphical representation of MIFs in the mouse and human colon.
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    (A) Dot plot depicting marker genes for mouse MIFs (muscle-embedded interstitial fibroblasts). (B) GSEA of the mouse MIF signature against indicated Gene Ontology Molecular Function (GOMF) gene sets. (C) Immunofluorescent staining of PDGFRA and <t>KCNN3</t> in the muscularis propria in mouse colon and (D) small intestine. Dashed line indicates crypts. (E) Dot plot depicting marker genes for indicated human cell types. (F) GSEA of human MIF signature against indicated GOMF gene sets. (G) Normalized enrichment scores (NES) of GSEA of human MIF signature against gene sets from human colon-derived cells: PDGFRA+ cells of the smooth muscle (PaC), intestinal cells of Cajal (ICC), PDGFRA+ cells of the colon mucosa (FIB), smooth muscle cells of the colon muscle (SMC), enteric neurons from colon myenteric ganglia (EN). (H) Immunofluorescent staining of PDGFRA and KCNN3 in the muscularis propria in human colon. (I) Graphical representation of MIFs in the mouse and human colon.
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    Examination of eplet mismatch immunogenicity in mixed lymphocyte reactions The association between the eplet risk score (ERS) and the activation status of responder <t>CD4</t> + T cells was analyzed. Representative scattergrams are shown in (A), and aggregated scatterplots are shown in (B). Each stimulator-responder pair was analyzed with 3–6 biological replicates. The effect of an anti-55PP antibody (Ab) or an anti-45EV Ab on the percentage of CFSE low CD4 + T cells in the MLR was assessed using a stimulator-responder pair (pair #4, see ). Representative scattergrams are shown in (C), and aggregated data are shown in (D) and (E). Each antibody concentration group was analyzed with 4–12 biological replicates. ∗ p < 0.05. p values were determined using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, which compared the value at 0 ng/mL Ab with those at 1 × 10 2 and 1 × 10 3 ng/mL Ab. EMn, the number of eplet mismatches; FSC, forward scatter; stim, stimulator. In the scatterplot shown in (B), large dots represent the median value of each stimulator-responder pair, small dots represent values obtained from each individual experiment, vertical lines represent ranges, and the gray area represents 95% confidence interval (CI) of the regression line. In the bar charts shown in (D) and (E), the top of the bar represents the median value, whereas the points represent values from individual experiments.
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    Image Search Results


    a-c Voltage traces from ventromedial interneurons of the rhythmogenic CPG region (L1-L2) recorded under control conditions ( a ), after tamapin application (10 nM, b ), or after lei-dab7 application (10 nM, c ). d Bar graph showing the proportion of interneurons displaying bursting in response to increasing concentrations of lei-dab7 (teal) or tamapin (purple). e Representative action potentials evoked by near-threshold current injections under control conditions (black), tamapin (purple), or lei-dab7 (teal). f-h Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying AHP amplitude ( f ), AHP duration ( g ), and firing frequency ( h ) under the three conditions. i-k Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying burst duration ( i ), amplitude ( j ), and frequency ( k ) across interneurons treated with apamin (pink), tamapin (purple), or lei-dab7 (teal). l-o Representative voltage traces from interneurons expressing control shRNA ( l ) or SK3-targeting shRNA ( m-o ), showing heterogeneous bursting phenotypes: bursts at rest/rheobase ( m ), bursts requiring stronger depolarization ( n ), and elliptic bursting dynamics ( o ). p-r Raincloud plots comparing burst duration ( p ), amplitude ( q ), and frequency ( r ) in interneurons after SK3 knockdown (orange) and after apamin application (pink). Numbers in parentheses denote recorded cells; each dot represents a single cell. Data points plotted beyond the dashed vertical line indicate values outside the axis range. n.s., not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001 (two-sided Fisher’s exact test for d ; Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post hoc test versus control for f-h and i-k ; two-sided Mann-Whitney test for p-r ). For detailed P values, see Source Data.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: SK2/3 CHANNELS COUPLE WITH T-TYPE CA 2+ CHANNELS TO GATE SPINAL LOCOMOTOR RHYTHM GENERATION

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.19.712770

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a-c Voltage traces from ventromedial interneurons of the rhythmogenic CPG region (L1-L2) recorded under control conditions ( a ), after tamapin application (10 nM, b ), or after lei-dab7 application (10 nM, c ). d Bar graph showing the proportion of interneurons displaying bursting in response to increasing concentrations of lei-dab7 (teal) or tamapin (purple). e Representative action potentials evoked by near-threshold current injections under control conditions (black), tamapin (purple), or lei-dab7 (teal). f-h Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying AHP amplitude ( f ), AHP duration ( g ), and firing frequency ( h ) under the three conditions. i-k Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying burst duration ( i ), amplitude ( j ), and frequency ( k ) across interneurons treated with apamin (pink), tamapin (purple), or lei-dab7 (teal). l-o Representative voltage traces from interneurons expressing control shRNA ( l ) or SK3-targeting shRNA ( m-o ), showing heterogeneous bursting phenotypes: bursts at rest/rheobase ( m ), bursts requiring stronger depolarization ( n ), and elliptic bursting dynamics ( o ). p-r Raincloud plots comparing burst duration ( p ), amplitude ( q ), and frequency ( r ) in interneurons after SK3 knockdown (orange) and after apamin application (pink). Numbers in parentheses denote recorded cells; each dot represents a single cell. Data points plotted beyond the dashed vertical line indicate values outside the axis range. n.s., not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001 (two-sided Fisher’s exact test for d ; Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post hoc test versus control for f-h and i-k ; two-sided Mann-Whitney test for p-r ). For detailed P values, see Source Data.

    Article Snippet: Equal amounts of protein (40 μg per lane) were separated on 4-15% gradient SDS-PAGE stain-free gels (Bio-Rad), transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, and probed overnight at 4 °C with either a polyclonal rabbit anti-SK3 antibody (1:500, Alomone Labs, APC-025) or an anti-actin antibody (1:1,000, A2066, Sigma-Aldrich) in Tris-buffered saline containing 5% fat-free milk.

    Techniques: Control, Whisker Assay, Expressing, shRNA, Knockdown, Single Cell, MANN-WHITNEY

    a Representative low-magnification confocal image of GFP-expressing Hb9 interneurons in the ventromedial spinal cord. The asterisk marks the soma of an identified interneuron. The central canal (cc) is indicated by the dashed line. Scale bar, 25 µm. b High-magnification images of the soma indicated in a , showing GFP fluorescence (top), SK2 immunolabeling (middle), and a merged GFP/SK2 overlay (bottom). Dashed lines delineate the somatic membrane. Scale bar, 10 µm. c-d Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying the size ( c ) and density ( d , clusters per µm 2 ) of SK2, SK3, and co-localized SK2/3 clusters at the somatic membrane. e Confocal images of an Hb9 interneuron soma showing GFP (left), SK3 immunolabeling (middle), and a merged GFP/SK3 overlay (right). Dashed lines delineate the somatic membrane. Scale bar, 20 µm. f Confocal images of an intracellularly recorded HB9 interneuron filled with biocytin (magenta), showing GFP immunofluorescence (green), SK2 (red), and SK3 immunolabeling (cyan), alongside a merged GFP/SK3 signal. Scale bar, 20 µm. g-h Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying the size ( g ) and density ( h ) of SK2, SK3, and co-localized clusters along the dendrites. Numbers in parentheses denote the number of cells ( c, d ) or dendrites ( g, h ) analyzed; each dot represents a single measurement. *** P < 0.001 (two-sided unpaired t-test for c and g ; One-way ANOVA for d and h ). For detailed P values, see Source data.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: SK2/3 CHANNELS COUPLE WITH T-TYPE CA 2+ CHANNELS TO GATE SPINAL LOCOMOTOR RHYTHM GENERATION

    doi: 10.64898/2026.03.19.712770

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a Representative low-magnification confocal image of GFP-expressing Hb9 interneurons in the ventromedial spinal cord. The asterisk marks the soma of an identified interneuron. The central canal (cc) is indicated by the dashed line. Scale bar, 25 µm. b High-magnification images of the soma indicated in a , showing GFP fluorescence (top), SK2 immunolabeling (middle), and a merged GFP/SK2 overlay (bottom). Dashed lines delineate the somatic membrane. Scale bar, 10 µm. c-d Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying the size ( c ) and density ( d , clusters per µm 2 ) of SK2, SK3, and co-localized SK2/3 clusters at the somatic membrane. e Confocal images of an Hb9 interneuron soma showing GFP (left), SK3 immunolabeling (middle), and a merged GFP/SK3 overlay (right). Dashed lines delineate the somatic membrane. Scale bar, 20 µm. f Confocal images of an intracellularly recorded HB9 interneuron filled with biocytin (magenta), showing GFP immunofluorescence (green), SK2 (red), and SK3 immunolabeling (cyan), alongside a merged GFP/SK3 signal. Scale bar, 20 µm. g-h Raincloud plots with box-and-whisker overlays (median, interquartile range) quantifying the size ( g ) and density ( h ) of SK2, SK3, and co-localized clusters along the dendrites. Numbers in parentheses denote the number of cells ( c, d ) or dendrites ( g, h ) analyzed; each dot represents a single measurement. *** P < 0.001 (two-sided unpaired t-test for c and g ; One-way ANOVA for d and h ). For detailed P values, see Source data.

    Article Snippet: Equal amounts of protein (40 μg per lane) were separated on 4-15% gradient SDS-PAGE stain-free gels (Bio-Rad), transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, and probed overnight at 4 °C with either a polyclonal rabbit anti-SK3 antibody (1:500, Alomone Labs, APC-025) or an anti-actin antibody (1:1,000, A2066, Sigma-Aldrich) in Tris-buffered saline containing 5% fat-free milk.

    Techniques: Expressing, Fluorescence, Immunolabeling, Membrane, Whisker Assay, Immunofluorescence

    (A) Dot plot depicting marker genes for mouse MIFs (muscle-embedded interstitial fibroblasts). (B) GSEA of the mouse MIF signature against indicated Gene Ontology Molecular Function (GOMF) gene sets. (C) Immunofluorescent staining of PDGFRA and KCNN3 in the muscularis propria in mouse colon and (D) small intestine. Dashed line indicates crypts. (E) Dot plot depicting marker genes for indicated human cell types. (F) GSEA of human MIF signature against indicated GOMF gene sets. (G) Normalized enrichment scores (NES) of GSEA of human MIF signature against gene sets from human colon-derived cells: PDGFRA+ cells of the smooth muscle (PaC), intestinal cells of Cajal (ICC), PDGFRA+ cells of the colon mucosa (FIB), smooth muscle cells of the colon muscle (SMC), enteric neurons from colon myenteric ganglia (EN). (H) Immunofluorescent staining of PDGFRA and KCNN3 in the muscularis propria in human colon. (I) Graphical representation of MIFs in the mouse and human colon.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: High-resolution integrative analysis allows characterization and spatial annotation of normal and cancer-associated colon fibroblasts

    doi: 10.1101/2025.07.29.667377

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Dot plot depicting marker genes for mouse MIFs (muscle-embedded interstitial fibroblasts). (B) GSEA of the mouse MIF signature against indicated Gene Ontology Molecular Function (GOMF) gene sets. (C) Immunofluorescent staining of PDGFRA and KCNN3 in the muscularis propria in mouse colon and (D) small intestine. Dashed line indicates crypts. (E) Dot plot depicting marker genes for indicated human cell types. (F) GSEA of human MIF signature against indicated GOMF gene sets. (G) Normalized enrichment scores (NES) of GSEA of human MIF signature against gene sets from human colon-derived cells: PDGFRA+ cells of the smooth muscle (PaC), intestinal cells of Cajal (ICC), PDGFRA+ cells of the colon mucosa (FIB), smooth muscle cells of the colon muscle (SMC), enteric neurons from colon myenteric ganglia (EN). (H) Immunofluorescent staining of PDGFRA and KCNN3 in the muscularis propria in human colon. (I) Graphical representation of MIFs in the mouse and human colon.

    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies anti-KCNN3 (APC-025, Alomone Labs, 1:100 dilution) and anti-PDGFRa (AF-307-NA, R&D Systems, 1:50 dilution) were incubated overnight at +4°C.

    Techniques: Marker, Staining, Derivative Assay

    Examination of eplet mismatch immunogenicity in mixed lymphocyte reactions The association between the eplet risk score (ERS) and the activation status of responder CD4 + T cells was analyzed. Representative scattergrams are shown in (A), and aggregated scatterplots are shown in (B). Each stimulator-responder pair was analyzed with 3–6 biological replicates. The effect of an anti-55PP antibody (Ab) or an anti-45EV Ab on the percentage of CFSE low CD4 + T cells in the MLR was assessed using a stimulator-responder pair (pair #4, see ). Representative scattergrams are shown in (C), and aggregated data are shown in (D) and (E). Each antibody concentration group was analyzed with 4–12 biological replicates. ∗ p < 0.05. p values were determined using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, which compared the value at 0 ng/mL Ab with those at 1 × 10 2 and 1 × 10 3 ng/mL Ab. EMn, the number of eplet mismatches; FSC, forward scatter; stim, stimulator. In the scatterplot shown in (B), large dots represent the median value of each stimulator-responder pair, small dots represent values obtained from each individual experiment, vertical lines represent ranges, and the gray area represents 95% confidence interval (CI) of the regression line. In the bar charts shown in (D) and (E), the top of the bar represents the median value, whereas the points represent values from individual experiments.

    Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

    Article Title: Cross-organ hierarchy of HLA molecular mismatches in donor-specific antibody development in solid organ transplantations

    doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102153

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Examination of eplet mismatch immunogenicity in mixed lymphocyte reactions The association between the eplet risk score (ERS) and the activation status of responder CD4 + T cells was analyzed. Representative scattergrams are shown in (A), and aggregated scatterplots are shown in (B). Each stimulator-responder pair was analyzed with 3–6 biological replicates. The effect of an anti-55PP antibody (Ab) or an anti-45EV Ab on the percentage of CFSE low CD4 + T cells in the MLR was assessed using a stimulator-responder pair (pair #4, see ). Representative scattergrams are shown in (C), and aggregated data are shown in (D) and (E). Each antibody concentration group was analyzed with 4–12 biological replicates. ∗ p < 0.05. p values were determined using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, which compared the value at 0 ng/mL Ab with those at 1 × 10 2 and 1 × 10 3 ng/mL Ab. EMn, the number of eplet mismatches; FSC, forward scatter; stim, stimulator. In the scatterplot shown in (B), large dots represent the median value of each stimulator-responder pair, small dots represent values obtained from each individual experiment, vertical lines represent ranges, and the gray area represents 95% confidence interval (CI) of the regression line. In the bar charts shown in (D) and (E), the top of the bar represents the median value, whereas the points represent values from individual experiments.

    Article Snippet: Anti-CD4 PE-Cy7 antibody (clone SK3) , Becton, Dickinson and Company , Cat#348789; RRID: AB_400379.

    Techniques: Immunopeptidomics, Activation Assay, Concentration Assay